ITC 2101

• Signals
  • Signal Classification
    • Continuous Time and Discrete Time
    • Periodic and Aperiodic
    • Sine Wave Formula

Signals

Signal Classification

Continuous Time and Discrete Time

Continuous (CT): Analog, defined in all instants of time $s(t)$

Discrete (DT): a continuous signal sampled to intervals of time $s(n \cdot T_S)$

Periodic and Aperiodic

Periodic: repeated after time $T_O (CT)$, or number of samples $N$ (e.g. sine, square, sawtooth)

Formulae:

• continuous signals: $x(t) = x(t + T_O)$
• discrete signals: $x(n) = x(n + N)$

Aperiodic: a signal exhibiting no repetition

Sine Wave Formula

$s(t) = A \cdot cos(2\pi \cdot F_C \cdot t + \phi)$ or $s(t) = A \cdot sin(2\pi \cdot F_C \cdot t + \phi)$

• $A$: the amplitude of the wave in Volt
• $F_C$: frequency of the wave in Hertz
• $T_C = 1/F_C$: period of the wave in seconds
• $\phi$: phase of the wave, measured in degrees/rad